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MPQ4460 industrial grade, 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 1 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. the future of analog ic technology description the MPQ4460 is a high frequency step-down switching regulator with an integrated internal high-side high voltage power mosfet. it provides 2.5a output with current mode control for fast loop response and easy compensation. the wide 3.8v to 36v input range accommodates a variety of step-down applications, including those in an automotive input environment. a 120a operational quiescent current allows use in battery-powered applications. high power conversion efficiency over a wide load range is achieved by scaling down the switching frequency at light load condition to reduce the switching and gate driving losses. the frequency foldback helps prevent inductor current runaway during startup and thermal shutdown provides reliable, fault tolerant operation. by switching at 4mhz, the MPQ4460 is able to prevent emi (electromagnetic interference) noise problems, such as those found in am radio and adsl applications. the MPQ4460 is available in a small 3mm x 3mm qfn10 package. features ? guaranteed industrial temp range limits ? 120 a quiescent current ? wide 3.8v to 36v operating input range ? 150m ? internal power mosfet ? up to 4mhz programmable switching frequency ? ceramic capacitor stable ? internal soft-start ? internally set current limit without a current sensing resistor ? up to 95% efficiency ? output adjustable from 0.8v to 30v ? available in a 3mm x 3mm qfn10 package applications ? high voltage power conversion ? automotive systems ? industrial power systems ? distributed power systems ? battery powered systems all mps parts are lead-free and adhere to the rohs directive. for mps green status, please visit mps website under quality assurance. ?mps? and ?the future of analog ic technology? are registered trademarks of monolithi c power systems, inc. typical application c1 10uf 50v c3 220pf c6 ns l1 10uh c4 100nf c2 22uf 6.3v d1 v out 3.3v v in vin en freq gnd bst sw fb comp MPQ4460 en 6 10 1,2 5 4 8,9 3 7 efficiency vs load current 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 efficiency (%) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 load current (a) v out =3.3v v in =12v v in =24v v in =5v
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 2 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. ordering information part number* package top marking MPQ4460dq qfn10 (3x3) m7 * for tape & reel, add suffix ?z (e.g. MPQ4460dq?z); for lead free, add suffix ?lf (e.g. MPQ4460dq?lf?z) package reference absolute maxi mum ratings (1) supply voltage (v in ).....................?0.3v to +40v switch voltage (v sw )............ ?0.3v to v in + 0.3v bst to sw .....................................?0.3v to +6v all other pins .................................?0.3v to +6v continuous power dissipation (t a = +25c) (2) ............................................................. 2.5w junction temperature ...............................150 c lead temperature ....................................260 c storage temperature.............. ?65c to +150 c recommended operating conditions (3) supply voltage v in ...........................3.8v to 36v output voltage v out .........................0.8v to 30v operating junct. temp (t j )..... ?40 c to +125 c thermal resistance (4) ja jc qfn10 (3mm x 3mm) ............. 50 ...... 12... c/w notes: 1) exceeding these ratings may damage the device. 2) the maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature t j (max), the junction-to- ambient thermal resistance ja , and the ambient temperature t a . the maximum allowable continuous power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated by p d (max)=(t j (max ) - t a )/ ja . exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. 3) the device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 4) measured on jesd51-7, 4-layer pcb top view sw sw en comp fb 1 2 3 4 5 bst vin vin freq gnd 10 9 8 7 6 exposed pad on backside
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 3 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. electrical characteristics v in = 12v, v en = 2.5v, v comp = 1.4v, t j = -40 c to +85 c, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t j =25 c. parameter symbol condition min typ max units 4.5v < v in < 36v, t j =25 c 0.776 0.8 0.824 v feedback voltage v fb 4.5v < v in < 36v 0.770 0.830 feedback bias current i fb 0.02 2.0 a upper switch on resistance (5) r ds(on) v bst ? v sw = 5v 150 m ? upper switch leakage i sw v en = 0v, v sw = 0v, v in = 36v 1 a t j =25 c 3.5 current limit i lim duty cycle = 50% 2.7 4.5 a comp to current sense transconductance g cs 6.3 a/v error amp voltage gain (5) 200 v/v error amp transconductance i comp = 3a 20 60 100 a/v error amp min source current v fb = 0.7v 5 a error amp min sink current v fb = 0.9v ?5 a vin uvlo threshold 2.55 3.0 3.45 v vin uvlo hysteresis 0.35 v soft-start time (5) 0v < v fb < 0.8v 0.4 1.5 ms r freq = 45k ? 1.55 2 2.45 mhz oscillator frequency f sw r freq = 18k ? 3.10 4 4.9 mhz shutdown supply current i s v en = 0v 12 18 a quiescent supply current i q no load, v fb = 0.9v 120 165 a thermal shutdown 150 c thermal shutdown hysteresis 15 c minimum off time (5) t off 100 ns minimum on time (5) t on 100 ns en rising threshold 1.2 1.5 1.8 v en threshold hysteresis 300 mv note: 5) guaranteed by design.
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 4 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. pin functions pin # name description 1, 2 sw switch node. this is the output from the high- side switch. a low forward drop schottky diode to ground is required. the diode must be close to the sw pins to reduce switching spikes. 3 en enable input. pulling this pin below the specifi ed threshold shuts the chip down. pulling it up above the specified threshold or leaving it floating enables the chip. 4 comp compensation. this node is the output of the error amplifier. control loop frequency compensation is applied to this pin. 5 fb feedback. this is the input to the error amplif ier. the output voltage is set by an resistive divider connected between the output and gnd which scales down v out equal to the internal +0.8v reference. 6 gnd ground. it should be connected as close as possib le to the output capacitor to shorten the high current switch paths. 7 freq switching frequency program input. connect a re sistor from this pin to ground to set the switching frequency. 8, 9 vin input supply. this supplies power to all the inter nal control circuitry, both bs regulators and the high-side switch. a decoupling capacitor to ground must be placed close to this pin to minimize switching spikes. 10 bst bootstrap. this is the positive power supply fo r the internal floating high-side mosfet driver. connect a bypass capacitor between this pin and sw pin.
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 5 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. typical performanc e characteristics v in = 12v, c1 = 10f, c2 = 22f, l = 10h and t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. efficiency vs load current 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 v sw 10v/div. v out ac coupled 10mv/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v out ac coupled 20mv/div. i l 1a/div. efficiency vs load current 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 load current (a) oscillating frequency vs r freq 10 100 1000 v sw 10v/div. v out ac coupled 10mv/div. i l 1a/div. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 6 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. typical performanc e characteristics (continued) v in = 12v, c1 = 10f, c2 = 22f, l = 10h and t a = +25 c, unless otherwise noted. 1ms/div. startup i out = 0.1a 1ms/div. shutdown i out = 0.1a 1ms/div. startup i out = 1a shutdown i out = 1a 1ms/div. startup i out = 2a v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 2a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. short circuit entry i out = 0.1a to short short circuit recovery i out = short to 0.1a shutdown i out = 2a v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v out 2v/div. i l 2a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div.
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 7 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. operation the MPQ4460 is a variable frequency, non-synchronous, step-down switching regulator with an integrated high-side high voltage power mosfet. it provides a single highly efficient solution with current mode control for fast loop response and easy compensation. it features a wide input voltage range, internal soft-start control and precision current limiting. its very low operational quiescent current makes it suitable for battery powered applications. pwm control at moderate to high output current, the MPQ4460 operates in a fixed frequency, peak current control mode to regulate the output voltage. a pwm cycle is initiated by the internal clock. the power mosfet is turned on and remains on until its current reaches the value set by the comp voltage. when the power switch is off, it remains off for at least 100ns before the next cycle starts. if, in one pwm period, the current in the power mosfet does not reach the comp set current value, the power mosfet remains on, saving a turn-off operation. -- + -- + 1.5ms ss gm error amp ss 2.6v 5v i sw comp i sw vin bst sw gnd freq comp fb en ss 0v8 reference uvlo/ thermal shutdown internal regulators oscillator -- + sw -- + level shift clk v out v in v out figure 1?functional block diagram
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 8 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. error amplifier the error amplifier compares the fb pin voltage with the internal reference (ref) and outputs a current proportional to the difference between the two. this output current is then used to charge the external compensation network to form the comp voltage, which is used to control the power mosfet current. during operation, the minimum comp voltage is clamped to 0.9v and its maximum is clamped to 2.0v. comp is internally pulled down to gnd in shutdown mode. comp should not be pulled up beyond 2.6v. internal regulator most of the internal circuitries are powered from the 2.6v internal regulator. this regulator takes the vin input and operates in the full vin range. when vin is greater than 3.0v, the output of the regulator is in full regulation. when vin is lower than 3.0v, the output decreases. enable control the MPQ4460 has a dedicated enable control pin (en). with high enough input voltage, the chip can be enabled and disabled by en which has positive logic. its falling threshold is a precision 1.2v, and its rising threshold is 1.5v (300mv higher). when floating, en is pulled up to about 3.0v by an internal 1a current source so it is enabled. to pull it down, 1a current capability is needed. when en is pulled down below 1.2v, the chip is put into the lowest shutdown current mode. when en is higher than zero but lower than its rising threshold, the chip is still in shutdown mode but the shutdown current increases slightly. under-voltage lockout (uvlo) under-voltage lockout (uvlo) is implemented to protect the chip from operating at insufficient supply voltage. the uvlo rising threshold is about 3.0v while its falling threshold is a consistent 2.6v. internal soft-start the soft-start is implemented to prevent the converter output voltage from overshooting during startup. when the chip starts, the internal circuitry generates a soft-start voltage (ss) ramping up from 0v to 2.6v. when it is lower than the internal reference (ref), ss overrides ref so the error amplifier uses ss as the reference. when ss is higher than ref, ref regains control. thermal shutdown thermal shutdown is implemented to prevent the chip from operating at exceedingly high temperatures. when the silicon die temperature is higher than its upper threshold, it shuts down the whole chip. when the temperature is lower than its lower threshold, the chip is enabled again. floating driver and bootstrap charging the floating power mosfet driver is powered by an external bootstrap capacitor. this floating driver has its own uvlo protection. this uvlo?s rising threshold is 2.2v with a threshold of 150mv. the bootstrap capacitor is charged and regulated to about 5v by the dedicated internal bootstrap regulator. when the voltage between the bst and sw nodes is lower than its regulation, a pmos pass transistor connected from vin to bst is turned on. the charging current path is from vin, bst and then to sw. external circuit should provide enough voltage headroom to facilitate the charging. as long as vin is sufficiently higher than sw, the bootstrap capacitor can be charged. when the power mosfet is on, vin is about equal to sw so the bootstrap capacitor cannot be charged. when the external diode is on, the difference between vin and sw is largest, thus making it the best period to charge. when there is no current in the inductor, sw equals the output voltage v out so the difference between v in and v out can be used to charge the bootstrap capacitor.
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 9 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. at higher duty cycle operation condition, the time period available to the bootstrap charging is less so the bootstrap capacitor may not be sufficiently charged. in case the internal circuit does not have sufficient voltage and the bootstrap capacitor is not charged, extra external circuitry can be used to ensure the bootstrap voltage is in the normal operational region. refer to external bootstrap diode in application section. the dc quiescent current of the floating driver is about 20a. make sure the bleeding current at the sw node is higher than this value, such that: a 20 ) 2 r 1 r ( v i o o > + + current comparator and current limit the power mosfet current is accurately sensed via a current sense mosfet. it is then fed to the high speed current comparator for the current mode control purpose. the current comparator takes this sensed current as one of its inputs. when the power mosfet is turned on, the comparator is first blanked till the end of the turn-on transition to avoid noise issues. the comparator then compares the power switch current with the comp voltage. when the sensed current is higher than the comp voltage, the comparator output is low, turning off the power mosfet. the cycle-by-cycle maximum current of the internal power mosfet is internally limited. startup and shutdown if both vin and en are higher than their appropriate thresholds, the chip starts. the reference block starts first, generating stable reference voltage and currents, and then the internal regulator is enabled. the regulator provides stable supply for the remaining circuitries. while the internal supply rail is up, an internal timer holds the power mosfet off for about 50s to blank the startup glitches. when the internal soft-start block is enabled, it first holds its ss output low to ensure the remaining circuitries are ready and then slowly ramps up. three events can shut down the chip: en low, vin low and thermal shutdown. in the shutdown procedure, power mosfet is turned off first to avoid any fault triggering. the comp voltage and the internal supply rail are then pulled down. programmable oscillator the MPQ4460 oscillating frequency is set by an external resistor, r freq from the freq pin to ground. the relationship between rfreq and f s refer to table1 in application section.
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 10 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. application information component selection setting the frequency the MPQ4460 has an externally adjustable frequency. the switching frequency (f s ) can be set using a resistor at freq pin (r freq ). the recommended r freq value for various f s see table1. table 1?f s vs. r freq r freq (k ? ) f s (mhz) 18 4 20 3.8 22.1 3.5 24 3.3 26.7 3 30 2.8 33.2 2.5 39 2.2 45.3 2 51 1.8 57.6 1.6 68 1.4 80.6 1.2 100 1 133 0.8 200 0.5 340 0.3 536 0.2 setting the output voltage the output voltage is set using a resistive voltage divider from the output voltage to fb pin. the voltage divider divides the output voltage down to the feedback voltage by the ratio: 2 r 1 r 2 r v v out fb + = thus the output voltage is: 2 r ) 2 r 1 r ( v v fb out + = about 20a current from high side bs circuitry can be seen at the output when the MPQ4460 is at no load. in order to absorb this small amount of current, keep r2 under 40k ? . a typical value for r2 can be 40.2k ? . with this value, r1 can be determined by: ) k )( 8 . 0 v ( 25 . 50 1 r out ? = for example, for a 3.3v output voltage, r2 is 40.2k ? , and r1 is 127k ? . inductor the inductor is required to supply constant current to the output load while being driven by the switched input voltage. a larger value inductor will result in less ripple current that will result in lower output ripple voltage. however, the larger value inductor will have a larger physical size, higher series resistance, and/or lower saturation current. a good rule for determining the inductance to use is to allow the peak-to-peak ripple current in the inductor to be approximately 30% of the maximum switch current limit. also, make sure that the peak inductor current is below the maximum switch current limit. the inductance value can be calculated by: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = in out l s out v v 1 i f v 1 l where v out is the output voltage, v in is the input voltage, f s is the switching frequency, and i l is the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current. choose an inductor that will not saturate under the maximum inductor peak current. the peak inductor current can be calculated by: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + = in out s out load lp v v 1 1 l f 2 v i i where i load is the load current. table 2 lists a number of suitable inductors from various manufacturers. the choice of which style inductor to use mainly depends on the price vs. size requirements and any emi requirement.
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 11 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. table 2?inductor selection guide part number inductance (h) max dcr ( ? ) current rating (a) dimensions l x w x h (mm 3 ) wurth electronics 7447789002 2.2 0.019 4 7.3x7.3x3.2 7447789003 3.3 0.024 3.42 7.3x7.3x3.2 7447789004 4.7 0.033 2.9 7.3x7.3x3.2 744066100 10 0.035 3.6 10x10x3.8 744771115 15 0.025 3.75 12x12x6 744771122 22 0.031 3.37 12x12x6 tdk rlf7030t-2r2 2.2 0. 012 5.4 7.3x6.8x3.2 rlf7030t-3r3 3.3 0. 02 4.1 7.3x6.8x3.2 rlf7030t-4r7 4.7 0. 031 3.4 7.3x6.8x3.2 slf10145t-100 10 0.0364 3 10.1x10.1x4.5 slf12565t-150m4r2 15 0.0237 4.2 12.5x12.5x6.5 slf12565t-220m3r5 22 0.0316 3.5 12.5x12.5x6.5 toko fdv0630-2r2m 2.2 0.021 5.3 7.7x7x3 fdv0630-3r3m 3.3 0.031 4.3 7.7x7x3 fdv0630-4r7m 4.7 0.049 3.3 7.7x7x3 919as-100m 10 0.0265 4.3 10.3x10.3x4.5 919as-160m 16 0.0492 3.3 10.3x10.3x4.5 919as-220m 22 0.0776 3 10.3x10.3x4.5 output rectifier diode the output rectifier diode supplies the current to the inductor when the high-side switch is off. to reduce losses due to the diode forward voltage and recovery times, use a schottky diode. choose a diode whose maximum reverse voltage rating is greater than the maximum input voltage, and whose current rating is greater than the maximum load current. table 3 lists example schottky diodes and manufacturers. table 3?diode selection guide diodes voltage/ current rating manufacturer b340a-13-f 40v, 3a diodes inc. cmsh3-40ma 40v, 3a central semi input capacitor the input current to the step-down converter is discontinuous, therefore a capacitor is required to supply the ac current to the step-down converter while maintaining the dc input voltage. use low esr capacitors for the best performance. ceramic capacitors are preferred, but tantalum or low-esr electrolytic capacitors may also suffice. for simplification, choose the input capacitor with rms current rating greater than half of the maximum load current.
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 12 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. the input capacitor (c1) can be electrolytic, tantalum or ceramic. when using electrolytic or tantalum capacitors, a small, high quality ceramic capacitor, i.e. 0.1 f, should be placed as close to the ic as possible. when using ceramic capacitors, make sure that they have enough capacitance to provide sufficient charge to prevent excessive voltage ripple at input. the input voltage ripple caused by capacitance can be estimated by: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = in out in out s load in v v 1 v v 1 c f i v output capacitor the output capacitor (c2) is required to maintain the dc output voltage. ceramic, tantalum, or low esr electrolytic capacitors are recommended. low esr capacitors are preferred to keep the output voltage ripple low. the output voltage ripple can be estimated by: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = 2 c f 8 1 r v v 1 l f v v s esr in out s out out where l is the inductor value and r esr is the equivalent series resistance (esr) value of the output capacitor. in the case of ceramic capacitors, the impedance at the switching frequency is dominated by the capacitance. the output voltage ripple is mainly caused by the capacitance. for simplification, the output voltage ripple can be estimated by: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = in out 2 s out out v v 1 2 c l f 8 v v in the case of tantalum or electrolytic capacitors, the esr dominates the impedance at the switching frequency. for simplification, the output ripple can be approximated to: esr in out s out out r v v 1 l f v v ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = the characteristics of the output capacitor also affect the stability of the regulation system. the MPQ4460 can be optimized for a wide range of capacitance and esr values. compensation components MPQ4460 employs current mode control for easy compensation and fast transient response. the system stability and transient response are controlled through the comp pin. comp pin is the output of the internal error amplifier. a series capacitor-resistor combination sets a pole-zero combination to control the characteristics of the control system. the dc gain of the voltage feedback loop is given by: out fb vea cs load vdc v v a g r a = where a vea is the error amplifier voltage gain, 200v/v; g cs is the current sense transconductance, 3.7a/v; r load is the load resistor value. the system has two poles of importance. one is due to the compensation capacitor (c3), the output resistor of error amplifier. the other is due to the output capacitor and the load resistor. these poles are located at: vea ea 1 p a 3 c 2 g f = load 2 p r 2 c 2 1 f = where, g ea is the error amplifier transconductance, 60 a/v. the system has one zero of importance, due to the compensation capacitor (c3) and the compensation resistor (r3). this zero is located at: 3 r 3 c 2 1 f 1 z = the system may have another zero of importance, if the output capacitor has a large capacitance and/or a high esr value. the zero, due to the esr and capacitance of the output capacitor, is located at: esr esr r 2 c 2 1 f =
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 13 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. in this case (as shown in figure 2), a third pole set by the compensation capacitor (c6) and the compensation resistor (r3) is used to compensate the effect of the esr zero on the loop gain. this pole is located at: 3 r 6 c 2 1 f 3 p = the goal of compensation design is to shape the converter transfer function to get a desired loop gain. the system crossover frequency where the feedback loop has the unity gain is important. lower crossover frequencies result in slower line and load transient responses, while higher crossover frequencies could cause system unstable. a good rule of thumb is to set the crossover frequency to approximately one- tenth of the switching frequency. the table 4 lists the typical values of compensation components for some standard output voltages with various output capacitors and inductors. the values of the compensation components have been optimized for fast transient responses and good stability at given conditions. table 4?compensation values for typical output voltage/capacitor combinations v out (v) l (h) c2 (f) r3 (k ? ) c3 (pf) c6 1.8 4.7 47 105 100 none 2.5 4.7 - 6.8 22 54.9 220 none 3.3 6.8 -10 22 68.1 220 none 5 15 - 22 22 100 150 none 12 22 - 33 22 147 150 none to optimize the compensation components for conditions not listed in table 3, the following procedure can be used. 1. choose the compensation resistor (r3) to set the desired crossover frequency. determine the r3 value by the following equation: fb out cs ea c v v g g f 2 c 2 3 r = where f c is the desired crossover frequency. 2. choose the compensation capacitor (c3) to achieve the desired phase margin. for applications with typical inductor values, setting the compensation zero, f z1 , below one forth of the crossover frequency provides sufficient phase margin. determine the c3 value by the following equation: c f 3 r 2 4 3 c > 3. determine if the second compensation capacitor (c6) is required. it is required if the esr zero of the output capacitor is located at less than half of the switching frequency, or the following relationship is valid: 2 f r 2 c 2 1 s esr < if this is the case, then add the second compensation capacitor (c6) to set the pole f p3 at the location of the esr zero. determine the c6 value by the equation: 3 r r 2 c 6 c esr =
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 14 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. high frequency operation the switching frequency of MPQ4460 can be programmed up to 4mhz by an external resistor. please pay attention to the following if the switching frequency is above 2mhz. the minimum on time of MPQ4460 is about 80ns (typ). pulse skipping operation can be seen more easily at higher switching frequency due to the minimum on time. recommended operating voltage is 12v or below, and 24v or below at 2mhz. refer to figure 2 below for detailed information. recommended v in (max) vs switching frequency 30 25 20 15 10 5 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 v out =3.3v f s (khz) v in (max) (v) v out =2.5v figure 2?recommend max v in vs. f s since the internal bootstrap circuitry has higher impedance, which may not be adequate to charge the bootstrap capacitor during each (1-d)ts charging period, an external bootstrap charging diode is strongly recommended if the switching frequency is above 2mhz (see external bootstrap diode section for detailed implementation information). with higher switching frequencies, the inductive reactance (x l ) of capacitor comes to dominate, so that the esl of input/output capacitor determines the input/output ripple voltage at higher switching frequency. as a result of that, high frequency ceramic capacitor is strongly recommended as input decoupling capacitor and output filtering capacitor for such high frequency operation. layout becomes more important when the device switches at higher frequency. it is essential to place the input decoupling capacitor, catch diode and the MPQ4460 (vin pin, sw pin and pgnd) as close as possible, with traces that are very short and fairly wide. this can help to greatly reduce the voltage spike on sw node, and lower the emi noise level as well. try to run the feedback trace as far from the inductor and noisy power traces as possible. it is often a good idea to run the feedback trace on the side of the pcb opposite of the inductor with a ground plane separating the two. the compensation components should be placed closed to the MPQ4460. do not place the compensation components close to or under high dv/dt sw node, or inside the high di/dt power loop. if you have to do so, the proper ground plane must be in place to isolate those. switching loss is expected to be increased at high switching frequency. to help to improve the thermal conduction, a grid of thermal vias can be created right under the exposed pad. it is recommended that they be small (15mil barrel diameter) so that the hole is essentially filled up during the plating process, thus aiding conduction to the other side. too large a hole can cause ?solder wicking? problems during the reflow soldering process. the pitch (distance between the centers) of several such thermal vias in an area is typically 40mil. please refer to the layout example on evq4460 datasheet.
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 15 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. external bootstrap diode it is recommended that an external bootstrap diode be added when the input voltage is no greater than 5v or the 5v rail is available in the system. this helps improve the efficiency of the regulator. the bootstrap diode can be a low cost one such as in4148 or bat54. MPQ4460 sw bs 5v figure 3?external bootstrap diode this diode is also recommended for high duty cycle operation (when v out /v in >65%) or low v in (<5vin) applications. at no load or light load, the converter may operate in pulse skipping mode in order to maintain the output voltage in regulation. thus there is less time to refresh the bs voltage. in order to have enough gate voltage under such operating conditions, the difference of v in ?v out should be greater than 3v. for example, if the v out is set to 3.3v, the v in needs to be higher than 3.3v+3v=6.3v to maintain enough bs voltage at no load or light load. to meet this requirement, en pin can be used to program the input uvlo voltage to vout+3v.
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 16 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. typical application circuits c1 10uf 50v c3 100pf c6 ns l1 4.7uh c4 100nf c2 47uf 6.3v d1 v out 1.8v v in 6v - 36v vin en freq gnd bst sw fb comp MPQ4460 en 6 10 1,2 5 4 8,9 3 7 figure 4?1.8v output typical application schematic c1 10uf 50v c3 150pf c6 ns l1 15uh c4 100nf c2 22uf 6.3v d1 v out 5v v in 10v - 36v vin en freq gnd bst sw fb comp MPQ4460 en 6 10 1,2 5 4 8,9 3 7 figure 5?5v output typical application schematic
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter MPQ4460 rev1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 17 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. pcb layout guide pcb layout is very important to achieve stable operation. it is highly recommended to duplicate evb layout for optimum performance. if change is necessary, please follow these guidelines and take figure 6 for reference. 1) keep the path of switching current short and minimize the loop area formed by input cap, high-side mosfet and external switching diode. 2) bypass ceramic capacitors are suggested to be put close to the v in pin. 3) ensure all feedback connections are short and direct. place the feedback resistors and compensation components as close to the chip as possible. 4) route sw away from sensitive analog areas such as fb. 5) connect in, sw, and especially gnd respectively to a large copper area to cool the chip to improve thermal performance and long-term reliability. c1 c3 r2 r1 l1 c4 c2 d1 v out v in vin en freq gnd bst sw fb comp MPQ4460 en r5 r6 r3 r4 MPQ4460 typical application circuit top layer bottom layer figure 6 D MPQ4460 typical application circuit and pcb layout guide c4 c1 r1 gnd gnd vin vo sw l1 c2 d1 r6
MPQ4460 ? industrial grade 2.5a, 4mhz, 36v step-down converter notice: the information in this document is subject to change wi thout notice. users should warra nt and guarantee that third party intellectual property rights are not infringed upon w hen integrating mps products into any application. mps will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. MPQ4460 rev. 1.21 www.monolithicpower.com 18 12/5/2012 mps proprietary information. patent protec ted. unauthorized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2012 mps. all rights reserved. package information qfn10 (3mm x 3mm) side view top view 1 10 6 5 bottom view 2.90 3.10 1.45 1.75 2.90 3.10 2.25 2.55 0.50 bsc 0.18 0.30 0.80 1.00 0.00 0.05 0.20 ref pin 1 id marking 1.70 0.50 0.25 recommended land pattern 2.90 note: 1) all dimensions are in millimeters. 2) exposed paddle size does not include mold flash. 3) lead coplanarity shall be 0.10 millimeter max. 4) drawing conforms to jedec mo-229, variation veed-5. 5) drawing is not to scale. pin 1 id see detail a 2.50 0.70 pin 1 id option b r0.20 typ. pin 1 id option a r0.20 typ. detail a 0.30 0.50 pin 1 id index area

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